The TPM2 module from AliExpress contained an outdated firmware version 5.40.1971.2 and it was hard to find a suitable update for it.
Hopefully this post will help somebody running into the same issue.

At Epson I found a compatible update. archive

However, my goal of enabling Secure Boot on my X10SLQ was not reached. It seems like TPM allows Trusted Boot, but not Secure Boot. https://tianocore-docs.github.io/Understanding_UEFI_Secure_Boot_Chain/draft/overview.html has more info.